The theory of broken windows. Psychological theories
Many psychological theories are interesting, becausethey directly interact with life. They contain tremendous depth and zest that help reveal the sources of significant contradictions in society. The theory of broken windows is a completely unique concept that reveals the connection between the level of order and the crimes being committed. This article will be of interest to psychologists, sociologists, everyone who works with people and is interested in the well-being of their city and the country as a whole.
A bit of history
In the mid-1980s, New York wascenter of crime. Rudolph Giuliani developed methods of dealing with offenders, but their number only increased with time. The theory of broken windows (New York became that real and sad confirmation) was dictated by life itself. Crime has grown literally every day because of the conditions available to it.
The essence of the concept
The theory of broken windows was formulated by tworesearchers - George Kelling and James Wilson. The concept itself sounds like this: norms and rules help to facilitate the flow of life. The lack of order, the spread of chaos, contributes to the growth and development of crime. You can see that if in a certain area of the city start somewhere to throw garbage, then soon and surrounding people will start to do it. The disorder tends to spread. If you do not replace a broken window in some house in time, there is always a possibility that soon others will be spoiled.
Human consciousness is arranged in such a way that italways strives for a new. People want to know the unknown, to get knowledge. But at the same time everyone needs support and a certain involvement of others in success. If a person observes chaos from day to day or lives in it directly, negative emotions are formed that provoke fear of life and unwillingness to follow the internal goal. Psychological theories, like the foregoing, are additional evidence.
Experiment
Criminological theory, like any other,needed confirmation. In a number of cities, practical studies were conducted, which only confirmed the existence of this relationship. What did the researchers do? They contributed to the maximum cleaning of the place that used to be rapidly polluted. When the atmosphere of purity was created, there were visible changes. Passers-by did not throw garbage directly on the sidewalk, but used the urn.
If the waste lay directly in front of them,then the probability is high that all the others would continue to litter. Practical application of the theory proves its importance. To date, this is a proven fact.
The space in which a person works
Many of us complain about the unproductiveactivity, loss of efficiency, and yet everything depends on us. If a person wants to achieve high results, it is highly advisable to properly organize working time and space. There should not be any distractions around you. It is for this reason that it is best to work in the office.
Crime as a result
If we consider any offenses as a result,to which a person leads himself, it turns out that the theory of broken windows is an operating mechanism. The process is triggered as a result of emerging associations in the head of the personality and the transformation of the images. If we see dependent people (alcoholics, for example) near us, then we gradually start to degrade ourselves. In the event that near the house garbage is constantly thrown out, eventually our brain will get used to the given signal and will not consider it as something indecent. As a result, a person begins to behave like everyone else.
Based on the above statement, we can makethe conclusion that crime is also provoked by external factors. In a calm and friendly atmosphere, there is nowhere to take aggression and arbitrariness. Conversely, where chaos and disorder reign, crime is much more common. Darkness itself sometimes provokes undesirable consequences. When a person feels safe, he is internally satisfied, relaxed. He who constantly experiences anxiety, is closed, distrustful, afraid to prove himself, is secretive. Crimes are never committed by happy happy people. The state of inner satisfaction and integrity will not allow us to go beyond the social framework. Only disharmonious people try to act in defiance of fate, submitting to their own will. Criminals are usually offended to the whole world, and their deeds are a kind of cry for help, which they want to demonstrate to public opinion.
What says Malcolm Gladwell
A well-known Canadian writer and journalist in hisThe book "Turning Point" notes that a person can neglect the opinion of the majority not because he has a bad heredity. Many offenses and crimes are committed as a result of the fact that people for a long time observed violence or cruelty alongside themselves, and possibly themselves became victims of other acts.
Great value has on a person all that,that he sees and hears around him. No matter how we wish to express our individuality, no matter how we isolate ourselves from the environment of people who are unpleasant to us, but we can not avoid the influence that people have on us. This is the theory of broken windows. The book of Malcolm Gladwell emphasizes the entire power of unconscious subordination to the opinion of the majority and the impact of the environment on the development of the individual. If a child grows in an atmosphere of love and acceptance of his opinions by others, parents tend to give him the best, then he undoubtedly has a sense of belonging to the social environment where he is brought up.
A small person is already becoming a part of thissystem. In the case when it comes to an unfavorable environment, an initially defective person, incapable of truly accepting herself, is formed. Such a person, whether willingly or not from evil, but hurting other people, makes them suffer. And all because he had adopted a bad behavior pattern from childhood, absorbed it into himself. Scandals in the family and the constant presence of abusive words are not dangerous in and of themselves, they are harmful to their disastrous effect on the child's psyche.
What is the importance of orderliness
To be precise, order is important in everything. First of all, you should take care of putting in order the place where you spend most of the day. If it's an apartment, then it makes sense to somehow harmonize the space, decorate it. You should enjoy everything on which the look stops: the external interior, the situation in the house, your own attitude, relations with close people. Otherwise, all attempts to become happy and self-sufficient will disperse, like bubbles. The theory of broken windows shows us the consequences of a non-harmonious attitude to oneself and others.
Unfortunately, the environment in which the personality grows,very much influences it. We can not live outside the society. Order is extremely important in the thoughts and actions of man. From what the person has intentions, depends his self-esteem and the desire to achieve individual goals. When priorities are properly placed, there is something to strive for. Needless to say, a restless person is always in a state of anxiety, he does not know how to relax, rest. Such behavior is sometimes capable of causing significant psychiatric abnormalities and disorders.
Clarity and consistency
The theory of broken windows, the refutation of which is nothas been presented so far, is certainly a strong concept, because it is based on real facts. For whatever business you take, you must always remember that it is important to go to the end. But many people stop halfway from their cherished goal, and without trying to take a bold step towards the dream!
Think beforehand the sequence of steps,which are going to commit. A clear vision of the situation, the ability to plan cases will help to understand many complex issues. When there is a movement forward and concrete steps are outlined, it is extremely important not to turn off from a given direction. Your trip can have a high meaning, but if you allow yourself to turn in the wrong direction, the return can be very long.
Instead of concluding
The theory of broken windows is a powerfulprogram for the harmonization of the individual at the social level. After all, only considering a person as an individual, one can understand his true motives and aspirations. Everyone wants to be personally, to be unique. To do this, you must learn to respect others, to accept them as they really are.
