Ischemic stroke of the brain: a prognosis for life. Rehabilitation after a stroke

Health

A stroke always invades the patient’s lifegrossly, violating the fulfillment of all household functions by him, making his own adjustment to his life goals. After all, such people have to spend a lot of energy on permanent health control, undergo examinations, strictly observe a doctor. And often until the end of his days to take medicine. One of the main questions of the patients themselves and their relatives: "What is the prognosis for patients who have undergone ischemic brain stroke?" After all, sometimes people have to re-learn basic skills: the ability to walk, talk, maintain themselves.

What is ischemic stroke?

According to medical terminology, this ailment is a violation of the blood circulation of the brain, occurring in an acute form. The disease is accompanied by the death of gray matter tissue.

The consequences may be different for patientswho are diagnosed with ischemic stroke. The prognosis for the life of such patients cannot in most cases be given even by a doctor. After all, this ailment competes for superiority with myocardial infarction in the list of "killers" of people. According to statistics, it is the above two diseases that cause almost 50% of all deaths.

If you touch the consequences, then the ailment has no equal. About 85% of patients after ischemic stroke remain disabled or die. On average, only 10% recover.

Symptoms of the disease

Many factors influence the intensity of ischemic cerebral stroke. The prognosis, of course, depends on the location and extent of the affected area.

However, no less important for a favorable outcome:

timely first aid;
fast delivery of the patient to the hospital;
correctness of rehabilitation measures.

These moments fall, as a rule, to relatives. It is up to their competence and making timely decisions, what the prognosis for life will be for survivors of ischemic stroke.

Therefore, we will focus on the symptoms that signal the disease. After all, it is very important to provide urgent assistance to the patient when they occur.

The main features are:

the appearance of strong, sharp pains in the head;
violation of sensitive perception;
dizziness;
nausea, often turning into vomiting;
disorientation - it is difficult for the patient to stand on his feet, upright;
numbness of the limbs or their complete immobilization;
feeling weak in one half of the body;
impaired speech, hearing, vision;
drowsiness, up to complete loss of consciousness.

First aid

As previously noted, the adaptation of the patient afterIschemic stroke depends on the measures taken by relatives. Therefore, in case of occurrence of the symptoms described above, you should immediately call the ambulance brigade. Remember that any delay in this situation is literally death like.

If all signs indicate ischemiccerebral stroke, the prognosis is largely dependent on the time after which treatment will begin. Thus, when calling an ambulance, be sure to describe all the signs that you observed. This will allow the dispatcher to initially send a specialized neurological team to the rescue.

Until medical assistance arrives, you should:

Lay the patient in such a way that the head is located slightly above the level of the body.
It is imperative to provide peace and fresh air to the patient.
If a person is unconscious, you must gently turn it to the side. Otherwise, saliva or tongue may block the respiratory throat.
Before the doctor arrives, the patient should not be given medications. This can seriously aggravate the patient's condition.

Causes of the disease

Ischemic stroke occurs due to clogged artery thrombus. Brain power is suddenly interrupted. Most often it occurs on the background of the following diseases:

atrial fibrillation;
atherosclerosis;
hypertension.

In this case, the integrity of the vessel is preserved. However, blood flow is blocked by a blood clot or spasm.

Many factors are capable of provoking a stroke of the ischemic type, the prognosis of the consequences of which can be disappointing. The main ones are the following:

stress, constant worries;
climate change;
blood pressure jumps;
overwork;
overweight;
bad habits (addiction to tobacco and alcohol);
jumps in blood sugar levels.

Localization of the disease

Ischemic stroke results in a verydevastating effects. As a result of blockage of the artery, the movement of blood stops. This leads to the death of a particular area of the brain. Dead area is not able to perform its basic functions. As a result, the patient may experience disturbances in consciousness, speech, vision, motor coordination, and sensitivity. Partial paralysis occurs quite often. As a rule, a stroke damages a small area of the brain. However, the consequences are always irreplaceable. After all, all cells interact with each other.

Localization of the focus in the center of motor speech leadsto impaired ability to talk. Sometimes these patients become mute. Only individual words or simple phrases can be observed. It is noted that patients normally perceive someone else's speech.

Circulatory disorders in the right hemispherecauses paresis (paralysis) on the left side of the body. Accordingly, the lesion formed in another part of the brain is manifested by the same symptoms on the opposite side of the patient's body.

The most dangerous place is the brainstem. After all, it is in this area that the most important centers are located. If a patient is diagnosed with an ischemic stem stroke, the prognosis can be quite sad. Edema compresses important areas of the brain. If it is not possible to eliminate the source of the problem in time, the patient may experience breathing problems and heart failure. Sometimes edema can lead to the shutdown of the above systems.

Doctors forecast

Observing certain symptoms, a professional doctor can conclude which area of the brain has affected the ailment. This knowledge allows doctors to make assumptions about the course of the disease.

As a rule, the prognosis after ischemic stroke can be the following:

Favorable. In this case, the patient gradually restores lost abilities and functions.
Average. This forecast is associated with affixed ailments. This may be diabetes, pneumonia, gastrointestinal disorders. The patient's condition periodically improves, and then worsens. Periodically observed recovery. Doctors do not undertake to predict the duration of treatment.
Adverse. This is the worst of the three options. As a rule, the lesion covers a large area. Often, patients experience recurrent ischemic stroke. The forecast does not bode well. The statistics is that in 70% of cases, repeated strokes lead to death. The most critical are 3, 7 and 9 days after the strike. At the same time, the risk of recurrence persists throughout the first year.

What does the localization of the lesion promise?

From all of the above, it becomes clear that the prognosis depends on many factors, including the localization of the disease.

Extensive ischemic stroke. The prognosis for this type of adverse. After all, quite a large part of the brain is affected. The patient often has a loss of sensitivity of the face, the occurrence of severe headaches, difficulty speaking, loss of vision. The condition of the patient may be accompanied by loss of consciousness. This pathology is very difficult to treat. That is why, if the patient is diagnosed with extensive ischemic stroke, the prognosis does not imply full recovery. Such patients do not return to their former condition.

Stem ischemic stroke. It is this species that bears within itself, as previouslyThe greatest danger was observed. This form of stroke is associated with the highest mortality. If we talk about the characteristic symptoms, then the patients noticeably worsened motor coordination, nausea, dizziness, spatial disorientation. Such patients fall down, faint. After that, they are not able to move normally.

Cerebellar ischemic stroke. In the initial stages of this variety, peopleexperiencing nausea, vomiting, loss of orientation. Patients lose the ability of normal movement. After a few days (from 1 to 3), the cerebellum significantly increases in size. He begins to press on the adjacent tissue. Unfortunately, they are stem. Ischemic cerebellar stroke is considered a rather insidious variety. The forecast in this case may be the most unpredictable. In such patients, facial paralysis is clearly visible. Patients experience severe numbness. It is noted that the most common result to which this ischemic stroke leads is coma. The prognosis for this condition of the patient is the most unfavorable. We can not exclude a quick death.

Rehabilitation period

For some patients, a stroke can passalmost without a trace. As a rule, this is observed with small lesions. However, most often, patients lose many functions. Unilateral paralysis - the most common symptoms that accompany ischemic stroke. Rehabilitation can help the patient return to life faster.

A recovery program is being developed foreach individual case individually. All rehabilitation measures are necessarily monitored by a neurologist. The result of this program depends on the mood of the patient for treatment and on the help of relatives.

Any rehabilitation is based on the following:

A few days later, when the critical stagepasses, the patient is recommended minimal activity. In the future, appointed physical therapy. This fully takes into account the consequences caused by such a disease as ischemic cerebral stroke. Gymnastics is accompanied by physiotherapy procedures, massage.
One of the most important moments is the developmentparalyzed limbs. In this case, it is recommended to carry out a light massage. And also careful bending of paralyzed joints. Many studies have confirmed that the training of functions lost by limbs favorably affects their recovery. If a weakened hand does not work at all, then the process can be significantly delayed and, as a rule, will not bring the desired result.
Very important for the rehabilitation period.visual and auditory loads. The patient can be offered to watch TV, turn on quiet soft music. Most patients enjoy communicating.
The most important factor is psychologicalstimulus. The patient himself must strive to fight his illness. This mood depends on the environment that surrounds the patient. One of the decisive factors is the attitude of the family to the affected person.
The patient should be constantly maintained andencourage in the recovery process. The patient needs praise as a way to motivate action. It is necessary to show and repeat the exercise several times until the patient remembers it completely.
During psychological and physical rehabilitation, neurological and cardiac rehabilitation is performed. These methods are the prerogative of doctors. The composition of the measures depends on the stage of the patient's condition.

Features of food

For stroke people, there are a number ofrecommendations on diet. Their observance will help eliminate the likelihood of re-attack. Patients should limit themselves to the use of salt, sugar, flour products, fatty foods. It is necessary to be careful of pickled, canned products, exclude smoked products. It is not recommended to consume eggs, mayonnaise and ketchup.

Nutritionists advise to add to the dietgreater number of fruits, vegetables. Useful foods rich in fiber, vegetarian soups. Contributes to better rehabilitation of fermented milk food. Especially relevant products enriched with potassium. This is dried apricots, apricots, bananas, citrus.

It should be remembered that you need to eat food in small quantities 5 times a day. As for the liquid, the verdict of the doctors is as follows - 1 liter per day.

Effects of stroke

Unfortunately, practically not a single person who has suffered a cerebral ischemic stroke (the prognosis may be the most favorable) does not pass off the disease.

Often, patients remain for life a variety of consequences. Some common are:

Impaired motor function. One of the most common complications. With careful and regular work, paralyzed limbs can recover a little during the first year. It is noted that the efforts of patients become noticeable by 4-6 months. Adequate rehabilitation will be able to lift the patient to his feet and teach him to walk independently.
Reduced intelligence, loss of memory. Unfortunately, such symptoms arean integral part of the disease. In order to compensate for these processes, doctors prescribe medication therapy. It helps to improve the blood supply to the brain. All medicines are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. As a rule, they are accepted by certain courses.
Depressed state. This is another fairly serious consequence. That it can significantly interfere with the patient's recovery process. In this case, to bring it into a balanced and calm state, psychotherapeutic treatment is involved. It is very important for the family to be patient and help the patient to get out of depression. An excellent measure is to communicate with the oppressed patient. During the conversation it is imperative to reassure the patient, to encourage, inspire to intensify action.

Conclusion

Ischemic stroke can significantly narrowlist of human capabilities. However, it should not be an insurmountable barrier to receiving satisfaction from life. A patient who has survived a stroke may well continue his hobby. It is only necessary to adapt your type of leisure to the prevailing circumstances.

For example, an avid gardener can plant wonderful potted flowers on a windowsill. A lover of embroidery, securing the hoop, can continue to work with one hand.

Doing your favorite thing will increase your mood,will promote recovery. And most importantly - switch attention from the disease to health. Simple household tasks are the first step to the recovery of the patient.