Why Ukraine was called Ukraine? History of Ukraine

Why Ukraine called Ukraine? The name of such a country was first heard in the last quarter of the twelfth century. The first time this was remembered in the historical opus "The Tale of Bygone Years", where the author tells about the demise of Prince Pereyaslav Vladimir Glebovich in 1187. It says: "All the Pereyaslavts cried behind him ... Ukraine, too, severely hurt him." This work reveals the concept of "Ukraine", the history of the name and development of the country. And two years later, in the 118th, it was said about Prince Rostislav, who had visited “Galician in Ukraine”.

Question about Ukraine

Why Ukraine called Ukraine? Scientists have been interested in this question for a long time, but there is no definite answer to it even today. Some researchers explained the origin of the word "edge" - a very remote part of the territory from the center, the outskirts, at the edge - the border area. In other words - the region, Krajina in the designation of the native land, a country close in spirit, native land. The origin of the name Ukraine has different roots.

Here's another look - Ukraine, it seems, is happeningfrom the word "steal" (cut off). In other words, the meaning of the word Ukraine as a state name is a piece of land stolen (cut off) from the whole, which soon became a solid (free country).

There are different versions. The origin of the name Ukraine is associated with the sayings: the region, Krajina (country). Although there is no visible connection. When did the name Ukraine appear? There are different thoughts. How the scientists investigated the origin of the name is unknown, but the process of the emergence of the concept "Ukraine" was long in time and had several stages.

Edge, not margin

The word "edge" means "cut, piece of land"knew since the days of the Old Slavonic language. And today this word exists in many Slavic languages, because Slavic tribes always had lands that were separated by natural boundaries — river, forest, and swamp. Therefore, this word also had a meaning - the extreme part of the territory, the beginning or ending of the land of the tribe.

Where the name Ukraine came from is very interesting. In the Old Slavonic period, the word Krajina (country) was born in the sense of the territory that belongs to the tribe. Next to the word "edge" in the Old Slavonic language there was the word "steal", which meant a segment from a piece, a remote piece of land, the extreme line of a remote part of the tribal territory.

Kraina

And yet, why was Ukraine called Ukraine? The question is very interesting. Already later, among the Eastern Slavs from the utterance “steal” through the suffix –in, the word Ukraine appeared, which mattered - a remote piece of land, a remote territory of the tribe. In the 6th-8th centuries, during the time of the Rus state, the filling of the words "Kraina" and Ukraine changed. And yet why was Ukraine called Ukraine? The word "Krajina" in meaning means the land of the tribe, soon it began to mean the land of the feudal principality, and then the land of Russia. Therefore, the designation of the word Ukraine itself also changed: the initial part was the remote part of the tribe’s land, the meaning came — the adjacent part of the land of the feudal principality, and only then the part of the land of Russia.

Principles

At the time of feudal Kievan Rus, when from herPrincipality began to disconnect, the word "Ukraine" began to mean "principality." Let's take a look at where the name Ukraine came from. Scientists differently perceived the word Ukraine: as a border with Kiev land, the territory of Pereyaslavsky land, called Ukraine because it bordered the Polovtsian land; as Russia in the style of separately existing principalities; as the whole of Kievan Rus. But, most likely, the chronicler called Ukraine only Pereyaslavsky land. Only not because it stood on the border with the Polovtsian steppe, but because it was a separate principality, a separate country (Krajina).

Ukraine is a country

The name of the country Ukraine, namely the country, appearedin my time. And then, besides Pereyaslavsky Ukraine, there were different Ukraine in the existing principalities and other independent Ukraine. Ukraine is here in the meaning of the country - Pereyaslavl country, Kiev country and so on.

This is known from the chronicles, where it is said that"Prince Rostislav visited the Galician Ukraine and from there went to Galich." The fact that the word "Ukraine" meant a separate country, a separate principality, is very clearly seen from the descriptions of those days.

The history of Ukraine says that along with the word"Ukraine" lived and the word "margin" - the frontier part of the land of the tribe. These words did not mean the same thing, but differed in meaning: “Ukraine” (the name of the state) is a small part of the tribal land, “margin” is the border land of the tribe, and then the feudal principality.

Lithuania and Poland

Since the middle of the XIV century, manythe principalities of Kievan Rus, of which the Ukrainian people later formed, fell under the possessions of Lithuania and Poland. Since then, the name Ukraine has been applied to the territories that fell under this power. Under Lithuania, Chernigov, Kiev, Pereyaslavl and most of the Volyn principality, and called all the Lithuanian Ukraine, and under Poland got Galician, part of Volyn and called the land Polish Ukraine.

With the advent of the Cossacks, the Dnieper lands became known as the Cossack Ukraine. The history of Ukraine recalls this in songs - “oh in the mountains, in the valleys, in the Cossack Ukraine ...”

Khmelnitsky

During the times of hostilities of Ukrainians againstPoles under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (1648-1654 GG). Ukraine was called not only the Zaporozhye lands, but all of the Dnieper. Most likely, from this moment on Ukraine began to call the whole country. Then this name spread to the East Slavic lands, as well as to Slobozhanshchina, which for a short time was called Sloboda Ukraine. And the western lands for a long time were called Rus, but soon the name Ukraine became native to the inhabitants of the entire ethnic state of Ukrainians.

History of the word

Ukraine - where does the name come from? The original geographical concept of Ukraine eventually became a national idea that united such lands as Polesye, Sivershchyna, Slobozhanshchyna, Donbass, Black Sea, Volyn, Podolia, Bukovina, Prykarpattia and Transcarpathia.

Therefore, it was very important for Ukrainians thatthe word "Ukraine" meant the name of the country created by Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Undoubtedly, about any outskirts of the Russian Empire was not discussed. If the outskirts, then, rather, the outskirts of the Slavic tribes. After all, the Eastern Slavs occupied just the extreme lands of the Slavs. So, if we consider Ukraine to be the outskirts, then the outskirts of the Slavic nation.

History

History ... We can hear this word every day,but do not think at all about his significance. As a result of the fact that Ukraine gained independence, Ukrainians began to be interested in the history of their people. After all, only knowledge of the past will give the opportunity to understand the present and build a bright future. An important role in the knowledge of their history is played by the saved reminders. And to preserve the historical memory of the people for future generations and museums are called to study it.

The history of Ukraine and the people that inhabit thisterritory, rooted in distant times. The sites of the very first man were seen on the territory of an independent Ukraine many hundreds of thousands of years ago, in the era of the early Paleolithic. Man conquered these territories and the natural resources of the subsoil from nature. From the primitive forms of gathering, hunting and fishing, he moved to the practice of farming and animal husbandry. Representatives of Tripoli culture in the IV-III century BC left a very important mark on the difficult history of Ukraine. Tripolians were the most civilized representatives of the human race in the Neolithic era. They were mainly engaged in farming, pottery, and construction. As a result of the expansion of nomads and the cooling of the climate, this culture gradually disappeared. After that, Sarmatians, Kemmerians, and Scythians lived in the Ukrainian territories. The Greek nationalities had a great influence on the peoples who inhabited the vast expanses of Ukraine.

East Slavs

The roots of the Eastern Slavs today are notespecially studied. The pre-Slavic period is associated with the emergence of Zarubinetsky culture on the right-bank forest-steppe Dnieper region, which is common for all Slavs. For the first time the Slavs are remembered in the works of Tacitus, Ptolemy, called "Wends". They lived in the Baltic Sea. Then, in the middle of the 1st millennium of our era, two groups of Slavs — the Antes and the Sklavians — stood out from the Wends. The Antes settled the territory from the Danube to the Sea of ​​Azov and constituted the eastern branch of the Slavs. Basically they were engaged in farming and animal husbandry. Traded with the city-states of the Northern Black Sea and Arab countries. The political structure of the country was democratic. The prince and foremen led the country. But issues that were very important for the country were solved by the veche - the national assembly.

From the seventh century onwards, memories have been encountered.already about the Slavs. The early Slavs settled mainly along the banks of rivers and lakes. Their hut were wooden and clay. The device of political fret was tribal. The land was owned mainly by large families - patriarchal associations by blood line. The public harmony of the early Slavs is characterized by the transition from the primitive to the military-tribal. Then the power is transferred by inheritance. The life and work of the Eastern Slavs has always been closely associated with nature and family. This laid the foundation of the culture of the Slavs.

Culture

Folk culture in the traditions of the Ukrainian peopleplayed a role. In ancient times, when the feudal peak of society adopted Catholicism and European culture, and the peak of Cossack officers became Russified, the Ukrainian community developed without a national cultural elite. And only the broad masses remained to carry the culture that was popular in those days. The main place in the culture had folklore, namely folk traditions and color. All this was very clearly seen in folk songs, thoughts. Thanks to the people, it became possible to raise the Ukrainian culture in the XVI-XVII centuries and revival in the XIX century.

Many talented Ukrainians have contributed toPolish, Russian, world culture as a whole. This became possible thanks to a distinctive education system, thanks to which the population was basically literate. And also the role of Ukraine-Russia as the center of Christianity among the Eastern Slavs became enormous. The system of higher education was especially developed. Ukrainian culture was open to the world, it lacked xenophobia and humanism was present. Such philosophers, poets and famous personalities like Skovoroda, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko and many others made a huge contribution to the world heritage.

In other European countries, the problems of poverty,illnesses, illiteracy wanted to overcome with the help of technical progress, with the help of the contribution of the monarchs. And in Ukraine they called for self-knowledge, freedom, for the sake of which one could part with well-being, the spirituality of life came to the fore. Today such paths are of great importance for all mankind. So, although when the name Ukraine appeared, nobody can say for sure, but the fact that this was an important moment for the whole huge nation can be said with confidence.