Types of posters: advertising, political, children's, festive
It is customary to call a poster a large-format wallboard of an agitational, advertising or educational plan with a picture or a photograph, and also with an explanatory text.
History of the poster
A poster is quite an old phenomenon. It can include rock carvings, medieval engravings, store signs, theater and cinema posters, agitation and social slogans, posters for birthdays, children's and wedding receptions.
At the end of the 18th century, the German IA Zenerfelder came up with a so-called flat seal - lithography, thereby becoming the founder of a multi-color printed poster. And in 1869 the French graphic artist and artist J. Schere produced the first color theatrical poster-poster "Ball Valentine", in which he combined lithography and convex print.
In the form in which we know the poster today, heappeared in the 19th century. Poster art began to spread together with the revival of theaters, art galleries, with the development of active political life and holding rallies. At that time the posters were still mostly made by hand. Great contribution to the art of the poster was made by such artists as A. Toulouse-Lautrec, J. Shere, E. Grasset, A-M. Mucha, P. Bonnard, E. Degas, C. Manet, A. Matisse, P. Picasso.
Types of posters
Posters can be classified according to differentfeatured. For example, depending on the application technique, they are divided into posters of offset or digital printing. By the size they also happen different. The minimum format is usually A2.
On the basis of what means are chosen as an information feed, posters can only contain a picture, only text or text and a picture together.
If the poster contains only an image, then itmust be very high resolution. It is necessary that the picture or picture on the poster is well recognized, so that the viewer can quickly understand what is shown.
To the textual requirements such requirements are imposed, asto picture posters - written should be understandable. Often such posters are used in the accompaniment of graphics. An example of this type of poster are posters on the topic of science.
And, finally, the most popular and widelyThe type of posters used is "picture + text". They are the most effective, they are easier to interpret. The image is of interest to viewers, and the text provides them with additional information.
Theatrical and film posters
Theatrical poster as a kind received recognition in 1897 after the exhibition in St. Petersburg. It was attended by many famous artists of the time who brought their best works.
The main purpose of the theatrical poster or poster is to announce new performances, to inform the viewer of information about the place, time, date of the cost of visiting the event.
With the development of cinematography posters of steelUsed to advertise movies. Initially, the movie posters depicted various episodes of the film. Later, to attract the viewer, the creators began to illustrate the main characters, and even tried to convey the genre and mood of the film.
On theatrical and movie posters in most casesThe main actors, illustrations or frames anticipating the action of the play or film are depicted. In addition to artists, the names of authors, directors, producers, producers can be mentioned.
Campaign posters
During the First and Second World Wars postergot a new role - he became an instrument of political propaganda. Posters were often used to give a sense of patriotism to ordinary citizens. All the opposing sides massively applied posters that helped recruit soldiers into the army, collect money for the production of weapons for the front. On the posters the enemy always showed on the worst side. Posters of wartime served as a powerful weapon of motivation and agitation, affecting the population.
After the war the propaganda poster becameIt is used as a means of electoral struggle to advance the goals of various parties and candidates. In such posters, individual politicians are usually shown close-up or within an important target group, for example, in the circle of children. With the help of posters of this kind, parties or politicians want to convince voters that they have the right answer to social issues and tell what benefits can be expected when choosing the appropriate party. Election posters are placed immediately before the event for the general public.
Soviet posters
The creation of the image of the enemy of the homeland became a peculiara visiting card of Soviet communist propaganda. The enemy could be almost anyone. For example, one of the favorite characters of that time was a speculator. He was usually dressed in a long coat and an American hat. Alcohol was also depicted as a dangerous enemy. Drinking, which was widespread, was usually treated as a most serious crime.
Soviet fine art not only exposed the enemies of power and truants. Posters were popular, motivating people for intensive work.
The current foreign policy was alsoA common theme for Soviet posters. An enemy image was created from the outside. The favorite in Soviet propaganda was NATO. It appeared on posters as a puppet of the United States.
Festive posters
In the modern world, posters have lost theirpropaganda function. Today, posters are produced massively. And any person can order a poster for a certain holiday and event, for example, for a birthday or for a wedding.
Advertising posters
Advertising posters are one of the mostpopular forms of visual advertising. It is a fast, effective and cheap way to attract potential customers. In the places of sale posters are placed with the purpose to tell potential buyers about the novelties and advantages of the goods.
The design of advertising posters should be carefullythoughtful. The essence of the advertising poster is to bring your message to people, often in a hurry passing by. Color is of great importance. It is clearly visible and stands out advertising, which uses a contrasting palette. Fonts play an important role. Avoid too small and thin letters, minimize the use of capital letters. Words must be separated by visible spaces.
Currently, the advertising poster has ceased to bejust an information message on paper. Thanks to technology, the poster has unlimited possibilities. For example, it can be three-dimensional or glow at night.
Creating and printing posters
The creation of posters is now very different fromthe process that was a hundred years ago. The ways of printing and methods of submitting a message have changed. Before getting on the public display, the poster goes through several stages.
- Strategy Development. This is a particularly important stage for advertising posters. That is, the idea, the highlight, the way how to make the poster attractive, but at the same time understandable to the target audience, is being invented.
- Poster Design - Development of the visual part. At this stage, the color scale is determined, the fonts, the size of the poster are selected.
- Poster printing. It is carried out in various ways - it can be offset or digital. Also the prepared poster can be laminated, varnished. The final form of the product depends on the purpose and purpose of the poster.
In the modern world, with the emergence of newmedia, such as television and the Internet, the poster is losing its original significance. He ceased to be an art form or a means of agitation. Despite this, the poster still remains in demand as an outdoor advertisement.
