Slow burning furnace: description and design features

Among the wide variety of metal furnacesSlow burning furnace has received special popularity. Another name that can be found is a long burning furnace. It is quite economical and easy to operate, suitable for garages and small country houses, as well as for large private houses with permanent residence. There is a wide variety of such furnaces on the market, but many people prefer to make them themselves. In this article, we learn what a slow-burning furnace is, what types it has and how to make it with own hands.

Design features

This heater has the following features:

1. Volume firebox and a large door for loading firewood. This allows you to conveniently impose firewood in large batches.
2. The division of the furnace into two parts. One of them is designed for smoldering firewood, the other for burning gas. Thanks to this feature, the device is called "catalytic slow burning furnace".
3. The presence of the so-called "tooth" - a chipper from the chimney flame. It is a plate welded to the top of the furnace. The task of the "tooth" - to prevent the ingress of flame into the pipe.

Differences from a simple stove

The heating function of a simple stove consists inheating the body of the stove and the subsequent release of heat into the room. The combustion in it is quite intense. If the furnace is metal, it is uncomfortable. The fuel does not burn completely, it must be constantly added, and the temperature in the room then goes down, then rises. The slow burning furnace is more convenient.

A simple stove ignites from below. Flames in it can spread up and to the side. It is rapidly developing and gaining the maximum value, with the result that the firewood quickly burns through and many coals remain. The power of the flame in the standard stove due to the fact that the bottom is constantly flowing air. In a long-burning furnace, the opposite is true - the firewood is set on fire from above, and the fire spreads down. Air flows only to the place of fire. The result is a slow burning of wood in the stove, which even more correctly would be called corruption. Heat is emitted less, and the air temperature in the room remains at the same level.

In addition to logs, in a long-burning stoveburns pyrolysis gas. It is formed during the smoldering of firewood and moves to the second combustion chamber, where it is mixed with air. As a result, the final combustion products almost do not contain substances harmful to humans, the efficiency increases, and heating costs are reduced.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before the slow burning furnace comes out onnormal operation, it must be melted to raise the temperature of the room to the desired level. Then you can reduce the craving and transfer the furnace to slow burning. At the same time the air temperature in the room will be kept at the same level.

So, consider the advantages of such stoves:

1. High efficiency - 80-85%.
2. Small size.
3. If there is no electricity and gas in the room, such a stove is the only heating option.
4. Absolute non-volatility.
5. Convenience of operation. Having loaded the fuel, you only need to adjust the level of thrust. One load is enough for 5-6 hours of full heating.
6. Combustion products are practically harmless.
7. Heating devices of a similar design are suitable for rooms of various sizes and methods of use.

There were some drawbacks too:

1. The chimney should be as high and straight as possible.
2. Raw wood is not suitable for burning in this mode.
3. Due to the fact that the smoke enters the chimney at low speed, sediments accumulate in it.

Slow Burning Doing Oven

Now consider the process of selfmanufacturing stove. The main difference of a long-burning furnace is two combustion chambers, which are simply connected by a grate or grate. Firewood smoldering occurs in the loading area. This process takes place with small amounts of oxygen. After smoldering, wood is decomposed into coke and pyrolysis gas. The gas is sent to the second chamber, where it is burning. The by-products go down the chimney.

To make this type of simple oven, you will need:

1. Sheet metal thickness of 3-4 mm.
2. Metal corners.
3. Steel reinforcement.
4. Pipe for chimney (steel or cast iron).
5. Bulgarian.
6. Apparatus for welding.
7. Measuring instruments.

Manufacturing

The stove is divided into three zones: the area of ​​loading firewood with a grate from below, a collection of ash, the area of ​​gas combustion, separated by a fire screen from the pipe.

First you need to cut from metalcorner 4 legs, about a meter in length, and the crossbar (their length depends on the size of the furnace, which you plan to get). Next of the crossbars, you need to weld the framework of the stove on which the sheets of metal will be mounted. Then legs are welded to the frame.

To increase the heat of the stove and extend the periodits service is not worth taking too thin metal for the walls. Sheets of metal are cut to the size of the frame and welded to it. On the front wall you need to make a hole for the two doors (one for loading and the other for the ash pan).

Even before final assembly on the frontit is necessary to weld curtains and bolts for doors. Next you need to make the doors themselves and attach them. To the gap between the door and the wall was minimal, it is useful to weld the shank. On one of the side surfaces to make the air distributor. To do this, it is necessary to make a hole in the wall, and also to weld a circle with a pipe and a valve to it. It is necessary to regulate the flow rate. In order for the wood to smolder rather than burn, the hole should not be more than 20 mm in diameter.

On the inner surface of the side walls in advanceIt is worth making fasteners for the partition between the two compartments of the stove. The grating from the armature or the grate can act as a partition. On the stove cover you need to cut a hole for the chimney and install a flame stop.

Safe operation

The surface on which the slow oven is placedburning for the house should be perfectly flat and horizontal. Any fireproof material should be applied to the floor and walls near the heating device. The metal chimney pipe must be treated with a non-combustible composition, and non-combustible insulation must be placed between the pipe and the wall.

Before you melt the stove for the first time, you mustcheck its tightness. To do this, put in the furnace material, which, when burning, emits a lot of smoke. If you find a seam through which smoke leaks, this problem must be eliminated.

Cleaning

That the furnace worked smoothly, the chimneyit is necessary to clean periodically, and choose ash from the ash pan. If there are hard-to-clean places in the system, it is recommended to burn aspen in it at the beginning of the season. It has the ability to clean the walls of the chimney. This is the simplest version of the furnace - slow burning stove. But there are more technological and aesthetic types. About them will be discussed below.

Water circuit

The furnace of slow burning with a water contour, inUnlike a simple stove, it can heat several rooms at once. In addition to high heating efficiency, such furnaces, as a rule, have an interesting modern design, which can be chosen for the interior of the house. This is another feature that distinguishes them from products that are set up in garages, basements, boiler rooms or, in extreme cases, in small, rarely visited cottages. With the right choice, a slow-burning wood-burning stove with a water circuit can be a true decoration of the interior and an alternative to a fireplace. Especially popular are models whose firebox has a transparent front wall. The visual effect here plays a crucial role. After all, the fire creates a cozy peace-loving atmosphere in the house. It turns out not just a stove, but a kind of slow-burning stove.

Through the use of pipe systems and radiatorsthe stove warms the whole house perfectly. However, it allows you to significantly save on wood, not to mention the savings of gas and electricity. If the furnace is not regularly heated during hard frost, the probability that the water in the pipes will freeze is very high. Therefore, when using a slow-burning furnace, experts suggest adding special additives to the water. They will increase the crystallization temperature of water.

Automatic loading of firewood

The most technologically advanced slow burning furnaceis a stove with automatic loading of firewood. It, as can be understood from the name, allows to warm up the house without constant human participation. And she can do it for several days.

The principle of operation of such a stove is both simple andis complex. Due to the fact that the wood is fed into the furnace automatically, a constant burning is ensured. The difficulty is that the supply of firewood must be organized accordingly. For these purposes, special racks are installed inside the stove, on which firewood is laid. So that when the temperature drops, a new portion of firewood is fed into the firebox, you need a heat sensor.

Another important nuance is the new approach to sawing.tree. If you usually sawn wood on hemp, and then prick with an ax, then here you need to cut the tree round "pancakes". This form is necessary to ensure that the fuel most conveniently falls into the furnace. Harvested wooden circles are placed in the oven edge on an inclined rack. When the sensor is triggered, they roll to the right place. Independent production of such a furnace is quite problematic, since the process requires precise calculations, as well as compliance with all requirements.

The advantages of wood heating

Choosing a boiler to heat their home, peoplecompare the strengths and weaknesses of certain options. Having considered several types of slow-burning wood-burning stoves, we will learn about the benefits of wood heating in general. Compared with other types of heating, it has quite a few strengths:

1. Environmental friendliness. The wood-burning stove does not harm the environment, and in this respect it simply has no equal. When burning, wood emits no more carbon dioxide than when rotting in its natural environment. And compared to the harm that other types of fuel cause to ecology, this is just a trifle.
2. Efficiency. Unfortunately, many people think first of all about financial gain, and then about ecology. But in this regard, wood stoves have succeeded. Firewood costs less than other fuels.
3. This unit can be used not only for heating purposes, but also for cooking. This is especially true for those whose home is far from the pipeline.
4. With all the efficiency of wood heating, it is not at all difficult. If done correctly, the stove, even without radiators, will warm the house well.
5. Furnace traction creates heat exchange between the street and the house, due to which an optimum temperature level is reached and humidity is normalized.
6. Wood boiler gives a pleasant aroma, creates a cozy atmosphere and reminds us of our roots.

Conclusion

Today we learned what furnaces are.slow burning. Of course, this is a promising option for residential heating, because recently the issue of conservation of ecology and fuel economy has become particularly relevant, and the design of a catalytic stove allows it to get rid of the shortcomings of other, outdated types of wood stoves.