Inoculation of apple trees on wild game: timing. How to plant apple tree in wild game

It's not so easy to buy a good apple tree. Often in the markets, wild plants are sold under the guise of varietal, and even in specialized stores they can be confused. The second nuance - good varieties are usually designed for a warm, southern climate, and in cooler regions freeze. Nobody wants to grow a apple-tree for several years, which at one point will freeze. Therefore, the last option remains - grafting apple trees on wild game. This is not an easy task, you will have to try it many times before your grafts start to take root and grow, but this skill gives unlimited opportunities for your garden.

The rootstock is the number one task

Grafting of apple trees on wild game is carried out atthe presence of a good and strong plant. It will provide the cultural apple tree with nutrients due to a powerful root system. If you already have a wild apple tree in your summer cottage, then it will serve as a stock. You can ask around the neighbors, gardeners, for sure, one of them on the site has a root of the old apple tree, in which the cultural part was lost, and sprouts of wild trees appeared from under the graft. It is enough to dig them out and give the opportunity to take root at a permanent place of residence.

Let us tell you one secret: The inoculation of apple trees on wild game of pear passes much more successfully than on a similar plant. Therefore, if you have the opportunity to plant a wild pear on the site, be sure to use it.

Growing of rootstock from sunflower seeds

It's a long process, but if you do not planto inoculate in the near future, but want that on the site there was a good stock, then it is worthwhile planting several trees for these purposes. For collection of seeds, winter-resistant, local varieties of apple trees are best suited. Seeds are harvested from ripe fruits harvested in autumn. It is advisable to take the largest and most beautiful.

Seeds taken from fruits are well washed andthoroughly dried. If the collection takes place in the autumn, then the seeds should be removed until about the middle of January. Further, stratification awaits them, for this seed must be poured with river sand and put on the lower shelf of the refrigerator. Replace stratification procedure can be sowing on a bed. From autumn choose a convenient place and seal the seeds to a depth of 3-4 cm. They will lie under the snow all winter, and in the spring they will give amicable shoots. Until autumn they will turn into small, but strong seedlings.

Annual seedlings

We are still talking about how to grow wild apple treesfor vaccination. The first summer has passed, the seedlings have grown stronger, now they need to be identified to the main place. Two years later they will turn into real young trees, to which you can plant cultural plants. By this time you need to have time to prepare a graft. This will require a beautiful ripe fruit of the sort that you want to grow on your site. The procedure of cultivation is absolutely identical with the one we described above. Only time will need a little less. If you sow seeds in the fall in the garden, then by next autumn they will become thin seedlings, and a year later - real cuttings. Since the rootstock is already sufficiently strong, the grafting of apple trees on wild game can go quite successfully.

Reproduction of apple trees by cuttings

Inoculation of apple trees in spring on wild game is made,when there is a ready-made stock and a suitable shank. As a first, a young seedling or a plant grown from seeds will do. An excellent option will be a wild apple tree grown on nature. This option is better than all the others, because a wild tree is most adapted to the climatic conditions of your region.

The stem is not necessarily grown long from seeds,you can buy it on the market, where they sell varietal seedlings, and even easier - cut off a tree from someone you know. The rest is a matter of technique. However, one must not only know how to plant the apple tree, but also have sufficient skills. Perhaps someone from your friends has already done this procedure and will be able to help you.

Preparing the cutting

Inoculation of apple trees in the spring on the wild shouldhappen in one day. That is, strong twigs or annual shoots need to prepare the same day when you are going to perform the procedure. You should not harvest too much material for the scots, assess your capabilities and time margin. After the cutting is cut from the mother plant, all the leaves are removed from it, leaving only a part of the petioles. Further manipulations depend on the chosen technique. To make it easier for you to determine, we will describe the most basic types of vaccinations that you can use.

Fundamental rules

Now we will talk in more detail about howto instill an apple tree into a wilderness. However, we first emphasize the importance of adhering to several rules. First: at whatever time the vaccination is carried out, the cutting, that is, the graft, must have buds that have not begun to develop. To comply with this rule, they are harvested in November / March and until vaccinations are stored in a refrigerator or basement, at a temperature of +2 ... - 4 ^aboutWITH. When is the apple tree spring grafting on the dick? Timing suggests the second rule, which says that you need to vaccinate when sap flow begins. Moreover, in the case of an apple tree, one can not rush much: all stone fruit can be grafted until the end of flowering. And the last: cultural plants are grafted on wild-growing, maximally adapted to the peculiarities of the region.

Preparation of the necessary tool

You will need a knife, with this necessarilymake sure the blade is very sharp and clean. You can do a simple check: if the blade easily cuts three or four sheets of paper at a time, then it is quite suitable. In addition, you will need a garden pruner and saw, plastic wrap or insulating tape. And do not forget to prepare a garden pitch and transparent bags of dense polyethylene.

The tools are ready, the stock grows on the laidplace, now it's up to the cuttings. As such, well-ripened annual shoots without flower buds will be required. It is desirable that they be cut from the south side of the crown. Well inspect the twig, which will be planted. It should have smooth wood, a bright cut and healthy, not darkened buds. Now we will look at the main ways of grafting an apple tree on the wilderness to bring an element of practice into our excursus.

Vaccination vpriklad, or simple copulation

It is performed when the diameter of the scion androotstocks are about the same. This method does not require special skills and can be easily performed by any gardener, even a novice. You need to prepare a stock - to do this, choose a smooth place on the trunk or branch, without growths and buds, the diameter of which coincides with the handle. Now, with an exact motion “on itself”, it will be necessary to make an oblique smooth cut. Its diameter now exceeds the size of the graft. We take the shoot and cut a cutting from its middle part. With one movement we make an oblique cut on it. Now it's a matter of technology: we apply both slices to each other. Please note: cambial layers must be combined necessarily. At the same time, it is impossible to touch the slices with hands, so that there is no infection with pathogenic bacteria. The junction is tightly wrapped with a narrow polyethylene or insulating tape, not sticky side to the bark. Grafting an apple on a pear dick is performed with the same efficiency as on a wild plant of its own species. Note that you need to bind so well that even with the effort, the cutting is not pulled out of the binding. The top cut is smeared with garden pitch. When performing the procedure in early spring, a plastic bag can be put on the vaccination site. The top cut should not touch the package.

Improved copulation

This is a more sophisticated but effective technique thatallows you to perform an inoculation even in cases where the diameter of the stock and the scion does not match. Grafting apples and pears in the fall into the wild is most often performed in this way. Let's take a closer look at the technique itself.

It differs in that in oblique sections of the stock andScion made "reeds". For this, a shallow longitudinal incision is made at the cut of the stock. Similar, from the same angle, is made on the stock. As a result, these two "tongues" come into each other, forming a better and secure bond. This facilitates wrapping and securing the two grafting elements, as well as providing faster healing.

Bark grafting"

This method is popular for whenan adult graft or a thick branch inoculate a thin, young cutting. It is ideal to practice this option with the beginning of sap flow, then the bark is easily separated from the trunk. Prepare a place for vaccination, for this, wipe the bark well, freeing it from dirt and dust. Now you need to make a vertical cut under the bark with a sharp knife. At the same time, a longitudinal cut should be performed on the screw and how to clean the surface. It remains to insert the graft deep under the bark, the upper part of the cutting must fully enter under it. Now, as in the other cases, it is necessary to wind the vaccination site tightly in order to fasten it and secure the intergrowth.

Splitting vaccine

This is one of the most popular vaccination methods.which every gardener will do easily. Therefore, we will take a closer look at how to graft apple trees in a splash in spring. Most notably, this method can be performed when the diameters of the stock and the scion are the same or very different from each other. Here is a scatter. Most often it is used when the diameter of the stock is larger than that of a graft. However, judging by the reviews and experience of experienced gardeners, vaccination "under the bark" in this case is more effective. However, this method also has a positive point: it can be used in a period of rest, before the start of sap flow.

The technique is relatively simple: the stock is shortened a little, after which it is split in the center, and a wedge is inserted into the split. Cuttings for grafting take a length of 25 mm, with 2 or 4 buds. The lower cut while cutting bilateral wedge. Here it is necessary to take into account the moment that the thickness of the bark of the rootstock is larger than that of the cutting, therefore the latter is inserted into the split in the depth of the cut and slightly slid into the depth of the hemp. Now the wedge is removed, and the cutting remains tightly clamped. Now you need to tightly wind the graft to the rootstock and cover up all the garden pitch. In order for the vaccination to take root, a plastic bag is put on it.

How to care for vaccinations

As soon as new growths appear on the graft,you should remove the tape, which provided a reliable fixation of the cutting and stock. This is done with a sharp knife. The plastic bag must also be removed in time when the first leaflets appear on the grafted plant. All shoots that appear below the grafting should be removed, as they will not give cultural fruits, but will take away their vitality.

Vaccination is an affordable tool for every gardener, you just need to learn how to use it. A little practice - and varieties of apple trees will grow on your site