Sensory education is a necessary element of the harmonious development of children
Currently, children's sensory cultureis at a low level, so it must be fully developed and maintained. The most optimal period for this is an early age. Sensory education must start from the first month of life. Everyone knows that babies learn the information provided to them much faster than, for example, older guys. Therefore, experts recommend starting to engage with children as early as possible so that in the future it will be easier for them to adapt to society. Today, as part of our article, we will look at what sensory education is, what it is necessary for, and also find out how to properly apply it.
What to do with young children
Sensory education is a pledge of mentaldevelopment of the baby. This foundation will be necessary for him in the future for successful adaptation in a comprehensive school. If the child does not perceive enough items, he may have difficulty writing and performing a variety of items in the classroom.
The main objectives of the sensory development of children in preschool age are:
- the formation of good conditions for the overall development of the child;
- promotion of the development of sensory and psychomotor environment in children through the knowledge of the world, colors and shades, as well as the values of various objects;
- selection of effective games, exercises, classes in general development;
- involvement of fathers and mothers in the development process;
- the use of illustrated textbooks;
- creation of sensorimotor corners in the educational preschool group;
- drawing up a card file of general education games.
Preparatory activities
The development of the baby is directly dependent onhow is the playroom in which the child lives? The task of mom and dad is to provide a comfortable, comfortable and safe place in the house where the little man will feel calm and secure. The baby should have its own indoor corner, fully equipped for outdoor games and good rest. With the help of parents in preschool institutions such events are held as:
- replenishment of the group with gaming and touch materials;
- the purchase of additional kits for conducting experiments in water and sand, containers of various forms, and tools for carrying out transfusions of liquids;
- purchase of insert boards with forms, sets of volumetric bodies, educational games;
- update the music corner with toys that emit various sounds;
- purchase of a safe plastic constructor;
- manufacture of board and didactic games.
How does sensory development begin
During acquaintance of children with variousobjects were used as a group, and individually, games were held for the knowledge of surrounding objects, which give impetus to the study of the surrounding world. For the development of sensory motility, it is necessary to acquaint babies with such properties of objects and phenomena as:
- color spectrum;
- configuration;
- the size;
- quantity;
- location in the environment.
Acquaintance of children with objects
At the time of familiarization of children with the values and consolidation of knowledge about them, the following methods and techniques are used:
- comparison of several objects during the game by applying them to each other;
- the use of specially designed toys in the form of pyramids, dolls, liners, and so on.
In the course of such games, which are aimed at developing a tactile function, kids learn to grab, pinch and feel. The use of balls for massage gives a pretty good result.
Classes on the development of tactile functions
The organs of touch are the fingers, andthe most important forces are thrown on improving the susceptibility of their receptors. To do this, use a variety of types of activities that contribute to the improvement of tactile and motor functions. These activities are:
- modeling;
- application;
- application modeling;
- formation of paper and designer;
- Painting;
- sorting small items;
- the formation of figures from objects of various kinds.
Tasks for improving the child's sensory motility
In order to achieve the maximum result, specialists have done a great job. To improve sensory perception, the following tasks were set:
- selection of materials for the development of children of preschool age;
- diagnostics of the degree of development of sensory in babies.
Sensory education is a skill in practice.to orient in various parameters, such as configuration and size, to absorb the tint of an object, to form a complete object. All this is mastered gradually. A big obstacle to achieving this goal is an early age. Sensory education needs to be planned and coordinated with the basic training so that this type of work does not turn into an additional occupation. That is, a successful unification of the activity on cognition of the size, shape and color of a particular subject is possible only if a certain physical level of the child’s development is present.
In the development of sensory plays an important rolethe mobility of the hands during the implementation of actions on putting objects. Teachers should pay attention to how the child plays with a mosaic, draws paints, sculpts from plasticine. Comparison of sensory and motor skills is considered the most important condition for the mental development of a child. Separate attention requires a thorough analysis of the learning.
Sensory education is the holding of games andexercises taking into account the specific characteristics of each baby. Classes need to begin to perform with tasks that involve joint actions of parents and children. In the future, an adult can change his location: be close to the baby, sit opposite him. Any movement of the child with the need to comment and voice.
Sensory education of young children is an important stage in the life of a small person, which affects:
- normal functioning of vision, touch, hearing, smell;
- functionality of motor functions and mobility stimulation of activity;
- the elimination of muscle tone and mental emotional stress, which is achieved in a relaxed state and comfortable well-being;
- the formation of a positive psycho-emotional background and an increase in the child's ability to work;
- activation of such processes as thinking, attention, perception and memory;
- motivation for autonomous and experimental activity.
Sensory at the smallest
Sensory education of young children isa technique designed to arouse interest in a toy, any educational tool that is made of wooden material. It can be dolls of large and small sizes, pyramids, cubes, liners, boards with openings of various sizes or shapes, with a set of tabs, tables with a mosaic and so on. Specifically, toys made of wood are very important for the development of sensory in a child, because they are distinguished by good texture, stable during manipulation and performing the most simple movements with them.
How to carry out sensory education? The development of young children depends on their environment. Everything around the baby has an effect on:
- normal functioning of vision, touch, hearing;
- functionality of motor functions and mobility stimulation of activity;
- the elimination of muscle tone and mental emotional stress, which is achieved with a relaxed state and comfortable well-being of children;
- the formation of a positive psycho-emotional background and an increase in the child's ability to work;
- activation of such processes as thinking, attention, perception and memory;
- increase in motivation for autonomous and experimental activity of children.
Proper infant development
Why is sensory nurturing so important? Preschool children from the very first months of life perceive the environment through smell and touch. For this reason, from birth to the fourth month, it is necessary to focus specifically on these sensory systems.
The beginning of the formation of the visual system of the babyis an early age. Sensory education by the age of six months includes exercises that train the child's motor activity. For this purpose, there are the most simple, but rather important methods:
- Touch - constant physical contact with mom,joint sleep with her, putting crumbs on different surfaces, not causing allergies, finger exercises, which can be started already from three months, carrying a baby in her arms, joint bathing of mother and child.
- Smell - the child must perceive body odorbecause of this, the mother does not need to use perfume during close physical contact with the child. At the end of six months it is necessary to give the children to smell unsharp and pleasant smells.
- Vision - do not get too closeown face to the kid that he did not develop a squint. It is necessary to show white, black and monotonous objects already from two months of life, to demonstrate multi-color and bright toys, to help study your own reflection in the mirror, to observe the scenery outside the window, to talk, listen to pleasant music and much more.
- Taste - after the introduction of the first feeding it is necessary to diversify the menu.
At this stage, there is no sensory development of children through gaming activities. This is more like a demonstration, study and observation. The perception of the world through the game begins with one year of life.
Development from year to three years
Sensory education of preschool childrenis a targeted improvement of all perception channels. In this case, everything happens at a very fast and saturated pace. The main activity at this stage of development is considered to be the subject. It is aimed at attracting a variety of colorful objects. At such an age, sensory education is a very important point. The development of children through the game is considered to be just an additional action, although one cannot do without it. A distinctive feature of this period is that the sensory system of the child develops quickly. It is necessary to give the children the following items: pyramid, sorter, frame-liner, magic bags for memorizing text.
The child must during this time:
- learn how to remove and put on rings of different sizes on the rod;
- get out of pockets and fold back items of various sizes;
- be able to identify a shaggy, soft, smooth and rough surface;
- know such geometric shapes as square, circle, cube and ball;
- by the age of three, distinguish the taste of the main products and give their preference to the individual;
- dance to the music.
The orientation on objects at this stage of life is considered to be the main one, because it has a great influence on the improvement of the personality and mental state of the child.
Children from 4 to 6 years
The most important role is given by the sensory development of children.pre-school age, because during this period, assistance is needed in preparing for the newest stage of life - learning. Now come to the fore games, which are considered the most entertaining and very effective. In this case, the child does not just take possession of the simplest toys, but takes part in role-playing games. It should be noted that such activities are very interesting for kids. The didactic games on sensory education are aimed directly at the fact that children can easily adapt to the proposed conditions.
The value of the sensory development of the child in preschool age
So, we continue to consider sensoryeducation by age. Preschoolers should be able to form an idea of the external property of an object, distinguish its shape, color, size, position in space, smell, taste, and much more. The meaning of the development of sensorics in this period is difficult to underestimate. These skills form the foundation of the child’s general mental development. From the moment of perception of objects and phenomena around the knowledge begins. All its other forms, such as memory, thinking and imagination, are formed on the basis of perception. For this reason, the normal development of intelligence is impossible without full perception.
Let's summarize
- In the first year of life the child is enrichedimpressions, namely, watching the moving beautiful toys, which are chosen precisely for such an early age. Touch education is that the kid, grabbing objects of various shapes and sizes, learns to perceive them correctly.
- In 2-3 years, kids are already trying to ownhighlight the color, shape and size of objects, accumulate ideas about the main types of shades and configurations. Also at this age are conducted didactic games of children on sensory education.
- From 4 to 6 years old, the children develop specific sensory standards. They already have a certain idea about the colors, geometric shapes and the ratio of objects among themselves in size.
Deal with your children, and they will surely delight you with their success in the future!
