Nikolay Gumilev: biography. Creativity, years of life, photo

Gumilev Nikolai Stepanovich was born in 1886 in theKronstadt. His father was a marine doctor. All his childhood Nikolai Gumilev, whose photo will be presented below, spent in Tsarskoye Selo. He received his education in the gymnasiums of Tiflis and Petersburg. His first poems were written by the poet Nikolai Gumilev at the age of twelve. For the first time his work was published in the publication "Tiflis leaf", when the boy was 16 years old.

Nikolay Gumilev. Biography

By the autumn of 1903 the family returned to Tsarskoe Selo. There, the future poet ends his studies at the gymnasium, whose director was Annensky. A turning point in Kolya's life was the acquaintance with the works of Symbolists and Nietzsche's philosophy. In the same year 1903, the future poet gets acquainted with the schoolgirl Gorenko (later Akhmatova). After the end of the gymnasium, in 1906, Nikolai Gumilev, whose biography will be very full of events in subsequent years, leaves for Paris. In France, he attends lectures and gets acquainted with representatives of the literary and artistic environment.

Life after the end of the gymnasium

Collection "The Way of the Conquistadors" was the firstprinted collection, which Gumilev Nikolay has let out. The work of the poet in the early stages was in a way a "collection of early experiments," in which, nevertheless, his own intonation was already found, an image of a courageous, lyrical hero, a lonely conqueror was traced. Later in France, he makes an attempt to publish the magazine "Sirius". In the rooms (the first three), the poet is printed under the pseudonym Anatoly Grant and under his own name - Nikolai Gumilev. The biography of the poet in the following years is of special interest. It should be said that, while in Paris, he sent correspondence to various publications: the newspaper "Rus", "Early Morning", the journal "Libra".

Mature period

In 1908 he published his second collection,works in which were dedicated to Gorenko ("Romantic Poems"). From him, and began a mature period in the poet's work. Bryusov, praised the author's first book, stated not without pleasure that he was not mistaken in the forecasts. "Romantic verses" have become more interesting in form, beautiful and elegant. By the spring of 1908 Gumilev returned to his homeland. In Russia, he gets acquainted with the representatives of the literary light of St. Petersburg, begins to act as a constant critic in the newspaper edition of "Rech". Later, Gumilev began to publish his works in it.

After a trip to the East

The first trip to Egypt took place in autumn1908 year. After that, Gumilev entered the law faculty in the capital's university, and subsequently transferred to the historical and philological. Since 1909 he began active work as one of the organizers of the magazine Apollo. In this edition until 1917, the poet will print translations and poems, as well as lead one of the headings. Gumilev in his reviews highlights the literary process of the first decade of the 20th century quite brightly. At the end of 1909, he left for a few months in Abyssinia, and on his return from there published the book "Pearls".

Life since 1911

In the fall of 1911, the "Poets' Works" was formed,who manifested his own autonomy from symbolism, creating his own aesthetic program. "Prodigal Son" Gumilev was considered the first acmeist poem. It was included in the collection of 1912 "The Other's Sky." By that time, the reputation of the "syndicate", the "master", one of the most significant contemporary poets, had already firmly established for the writer. In 1913 Gumilev went to Africa for six months. At the beginning of the First World War, the poet volunteered for the front. In 1915, the "Notes of the Cavalryman", a collection of "Quiver" were published. In the same period his printed works "Gondla", "Child of Allah" are published. However, his patriotic impulses soon pass, and in one of his private letters he admits that for him art stands above both Africa and wars. In 1918, Gumilev sought his dispatch as part of the hussar regiment to the expeditionary corps, but was delayed in London and Paris until the spring. Returning in the same year to Russia, the writer begins work as an interpreter, prepares an epic of Gilgamesh, verses of English and French poets for "World Literature." The book "The Fiery Pillar" was the last one, which Nikolai Gumilev released. Biography of the poet ended in arrest and execution in 1921.

Brief description of works

Gumilev entered the national literature inAs a student of the poet-symbolist Valery Bryusov. However, it should be noted that Innokenty Annensky became his real teacher. This poet was, among other things, the director of one of the gymnasiums (in Tsarskoe Selo), in which Gumilev studied. The main theme of his works was the idea of ​​courageous overcoming. Hero Gumilev - strong in spirit, a brave man. With the passage of time, however, in his poetry, exotics are getting smaller. At the same time, the author's predilection for an unusual and strong personality remains. Gumilev believes that such people are not meant for everyday, everyday life. And he considers himself to be the same. Quite a lot and often thinking about his own death, the author invariably presents it in the halo of heroism:

And I will not die on the bed
When a notary and a doctor,
And in some wild cracks,
Drowned in thick ivy.

Love and philosophy in later verses

Quite a lot of his works Gumilevdedicated to the senses. His heroine in the love lyrics takes a completely different form. She can be a princess from a fairy tale, the legendary beloved of the famous Dante, a fantastic Egyptian queen. A separate line goes through his work poem to Akhmatova. She was associated with rather uneven, complex relationships, worthy of a novel subject in themselves ("She", "From the lair of the serpent", "Tamer of the Beasts", etc.). Late poetry Gumilev reflects the author's passion for philosophical themes. At that time, living in the terrible and hungry Petrograd, the poet was active in creating studios for young authors, being for them in some way an idol and a teacher. At that time some of his best works came out of Gumilev's pen, permeated with arguments about the destiny of Russia, human life, purpose ("The Lost Tram", "Sixth Sense", "Memory", "My Readers" and others).