Stages of formation: Prerequisites for the emergence of Sociology

The emergence of a new science is a processnot random and not instantaneous. At the initial stage, there is the appearance of some of its individual elements. Then their gradual formation and development takes place. And much later the title is fixed, in which the content and objects of study of this science are displayed.

What are the prerequisites for the emergence of sociology

Even in the XVII century there are judgments about the fact thatsociety is built on the model of a complex mechanism or system. At this time, the first prerequisites for the emergence of sociology appear. In the views of the philosophers of that era, society was part of nature. But the laws, already established at that time in many natural sciences - geometry, mechanics, astronomy, - faced many contradictions. This way one can explain the attempt of a formal approach to many social laws.

In the XVIII century it acquired rapid developmentphysics of Newton. The Enlightenment begins, with its own prerequisites for the emergence of sociology. This is the time when society is represented by a certain model of the machine, in which every detail, even the smallest, fulfills its function. In connection with the mechanical model of society, the process of division of labor, and the connection between people, is also explained. Jean-Jacques Rousseau begins to address the problem of stratifying society by the rich and the poor.

At this time, the first social studies are conducted. Thus, in particular, in England the foundations of the science of demography are laid by introducing methods for studying the regularities that arise in society.

These prerequisites for the emergence of sociologycontribute to the fact that by the middle of the nineteenth century the soil was already prepared for the emergence and development of the science that had arisen. In addition, at this time capitalism is rapidly developing, which generates various social conflicts. There is an urgent need to explain political and social events. These and other factors are the prerequisites for the emergence of sociology as a separate science.

What events served as historical prerequisites for the emergence of sociology

To better imagine what issociology as a science, it is necessary to turn to the history of its origin, formation and development. It is difficult to answer clearly the question of where exactly the origins of the origin of this science originate. After all, in the days of ancient Greece, the philosophers wrote the first works that examined the laws of society. That is, we can say that the historical preconditions for the emergence of sociology are rooted in ancient times.

But finally the scientific community recognizedsociology as an independent science closer to the middle of the XIX century. Its ancestor was O. Comte, who was the first to engage in the study of society, bringing to this scientific basis. His idea became the starting fact in the formation and development of a new science - sociology. These are the main historical preconditions for the emergence of sociology.

The conditions for the emergence of theoretical premises of sociology

The emergence of sociology falls on the timesextreme instability in Europe. One revolt after another bursts out: weavers from Lyons (France) and Silesia (Germany) are dissatisfied, a Chartist movement appears in England, later a revolution begins in France. All these events indicate that a crisis has begun in public relations. This created the theoretical prerequisites for the emergence of sociology.

Philosophers and scientists began to look for opportunities to predict which way society will go further, on what grounds it can rely, how its place will be determined in the course of historical events.

F. Engels and K. Marx proposed to solve these problems, based on the concepts of scientific communism.

The founders of sociology - O. Comte, E. Durkheim, M. Weber, and G. Spencer - proposes to link the development of society with the implementation of reforms. And it was sociology that they regarded as an instrument that could lead to the knowledge of society and the development of the first steps to reform it.

As theoretical prerequisites for the emergenceSociology can also be considered the development at this time of individual sciences, such as biology and chemistry. And if the supporters of scientific communism have discovered the discoveries in the field of these sciences as the basis for the creation of dialectical materialism, then sociologists - for the development of a new science of life in society, which is based on the principles of biology.