Social communities and social groups in science
The concept of social community and social groupstudy psychology, sociology and social philosophy. Scientists did not come to a common opinion about a clear definition of these social phenomena, therefore there are many theories among the scientific community. So, for example, scientists are still arguing what is the determining factor. Man determines his social activities by the structure of groups, or whether social communities and social groups determine human behavior. In sociology these schools were named nominalism and realism respectively.
In the narrow sense of the word, social communities andsocial groups are understood as an association of people with an internal, clear interconnection that acts as a collective factor of public life. In the broad sense of the term, these terms are understood to mean a group of people with common characteristics and characteristics.
Famous German sociologist Ferdinand Tennis inhis works identified such types of social communities and groups as Gemeinshaft (communities) and Gesellschaft (societies). In the first form, the individual is inextricably linked to his social community, he dissolves in it. Tennis stressed that it is in such communities that the partnership develops. A vivid example of such communities is a village, an army collective or tribes. If, while walking along the street, you saw an acquaintance and turned your eyes away, or exchanged a pair of insignificant words, then you live in the Gesellschaft society. Such a society is individualized, a person for another person is a means, not an end. "Loneliness in the crowd", a high level of anonymity is familiar to every inhabitant of this society.
It can not be said that any of the speciesis unnatural and wrong for human existence. The first kind is inherent in traditional and archaic societies, while the latter is more developed and complex societies, including a large number of people, their interests and social institutions.