Alder black: description and photo. Alder black and gray

Alder is a shrub or a tree from the Berezovye family.

The tree is black alder (European, sticky) reaches 35 m in height. The bark of the trunk is dark brown with cracks.

Its young branches are brownish-reddish, smooth,often sticky. Leaves obovate or round, on top have a notch. Young leaves are very shiny and sticky. Developed from below have a light green color, from above - dark green. In the spiked spiky inflorescence there are flowers (earrings).

The fruits of the plant are nuts with a rather narrow leathery wing. Bracty scales ripen with maturation of nuts, thereby forming a kind of cone, reaching a length of 2 centimeters.

Alder gray (white) is a treeheight up to 15 m, less often - shrub. Light-gray bark, the leaves are ovate-elliptical or ovate, pointed toward the apex. Young - non-sticky and not shiny; further - dark green on top with sparse hairs and from below - bluish-gray. Inflorescences are the same as in sticky alder, the bumps are mostly up to 1.5 cm in length, a nutlet with a clear winglets.

Spread

Alder gray and black grows in the west of Asia,almost everywhere in northern Africa and in Europe. It is brought to different parts of the world, while in North America, in some places it poses even a threat to different local species. Alder black, a photo of which is presented in this article, grows in the forest, forest-steppe and steppe regions of European Russia, in addition - in Western Siberia, as well as in the Caucasus. Prefers raw lands.

Alder gray is widespread in the European region of our country. It also grows in Asia Minor, Europe, Western Siberia, Transcaucasia. Forms plantations along the banks of small streams and small rivers.

Chemical composition

In the leaves of the plant - up to 20% of proteins, up to 6%fat, carotene, vitamin C, resin acids, flavonoids. The orots contain a lot of tannins, including tannin (2.33%) and gallic acid (3.75%). The bark contains vitamin PP as well as essential oil.

Alder black: properties and applications

For medicinal purposes, bark, leaves andcones of alder. These parts of the plant are very widely used in the past in traditional medicine for rheumatism, various colds, gout, etc. During the Second World War in the medical community, the black alder coats were very interested. They began to be used since 1942 as an astringent for various diseases of the stomach, acute and chronic colitis, as well as enteritis.

Alder black is actively used in medicalpurposes. From her cones make decoctions, from the bark, oviposition and leaves - water infusions and alcohol tinctures. They are used in folk and official medicine as astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, antibacterial, anticancer, hemostatic, immunomodulating.

Alder cones (as an astringent) are used with a serpentine. To do this, take 2 parts of the cones and part of the rhizome of the coil, brew and use as tea.

Infusion of alder cones

Black alder, photos of which are presented in thisan article known for its healing properties. To prepare the infusion of it, you need a glass of boiling water pour 4 g of cones, leave to infuse in a closed jar for three hours, covered with a towel. Then - to filter. Ready infusion should be taken 4 times a day for half a cup, before meals.

Infusion of the root

Black alder is also used for cooking.infusion of its roots. To do this, pour 10 g of finely chopped raw materials with a glass of hot water, then boil them in an enameled closed dish for 30 minutes. Filter infusion hot, then dilute with clean water to the original volume. Take it you need two spoons before meals.

Infusion of leaves

Take 15 g of alder leaves, pour them a glassclean warm water, then boil for 20 minutes in a water bath. Following the resulting broth must be cooled and filtered. Next - squeeze and add water to the original volume.

Black Alder: Collection Methods

Floods are usually harvested in winter and autumn as follows.way: shears cut off the ends of the thin branches of the tree from which they hang. After that, the branched parts are removed, the seed fruits are dried in well-ventilated, warm rooms.

Requirements for the quality of finished raw materials

The raw material consists of mature alder cones. They are overgrown and stiff earrings resembling cones. For the most part, they have open scales, ovate or oval-oblong, with or without fruit. The stem should be without stems or with their remnants (no more than a centimeter in length). In addition, they can be collected on a thin stalk together in several pieces. They consist of a rough solid core, as well as numerous, hard scales. The scales should be six-lobed, and the fruits - oblate, single-seeded. The color of the horse breeds is dark brown or brown. The aroma is weak, the taste is slightly astringent.