Methods of transferring information - from parchment to e-mail

From time immemorial, all civilizations were based onstorage and transmission of information. With the passage of time, the methods of transferring information have changed. Everything began with an oral speech. Swords and legends were passed from mouth to mouth, from which the history of peoples developed. Then messengers with letters rushed down the roads. Through many centuries they have turned into postmen, and in our life the telephone connection has firmly entered. Today, paper letters are almost out of use, and telephone communications will soon completely replace the Internet. More and more people prefer to communicate and exchange information not over the phone, but through Internet networks, because it is in them that hide the fastest ways of transferring information.

However, despite technical progress, oneof the main ways to convey any information is the document. Today, documents exist both in paper form and in electronic form. For the exchange of electronic documents every day, new means of communication are being developed. Here the first place is occupied by e-mail. With its help, the recipient receives the letter almost instantly, no matter in which corner of the globe it may be. The work of e-mail is provided by mail servers, which store thousands of mailboxes - so-called accounts. In addition to e-mail, the information is transmitted via ICQ, Skype and similar programs. There is also a more convenient way of communication - an Internet conference. Telephone communication Internet conference was not replaced only because they need a high-speed connection with the World Wide Web.

The process of information transfer occurs either throughcomputer networks, or through electronic media such as compact discs, flash drives and removable SSDs. Computer networks have their own classification. They vary in coverage, topology, and management. The smallest coverage area has local networks - in them the distance between nodes is only a few meters. The second place is occupied by corporate networks - they are available within the office or enterprise. The largest are territorial networks, which, according to the scale, are divided into regional and global ones.

The topology of the network is divided into three categories. In a bus network, computers are connected to one line, and information transmitted from one computer is immediately available to everyone else. In the ring network, the nodes go one after the other. Information in it is transmitted in a one-way direction. The star network has a central control node, from which the line-rays diverge to the other nodes.

There are two types of network management. In the "client-server" type, the network is managed by large servers, and the other computers are client computers and do not affect the network. In a peer-to-peer type, all nodes of the network are absolutely equal. In them, each user decides which folders or files will become available to everyone. Such networks are very poorly protected from hacking.

All possible ways of transferring information haveone circuit. It includes the information sender, the transmission channel and the recipient of the information. The channels differ in the information transfer rate, which is measured in bits / s and multiples thereof. In a worldwide Internet-based network, information sources are called servers, and those who use it are consumers. Typically, a consumer enters the global network through an optical fiber cable. However, recently in the everyday life there are wireless ways of access to the Internet, which use technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth. One should not forget about mobile networks, because more and more people use mobile Internet or 3G-modems, which use WAP or GPRS protocols.

So, the ways of transferring information replaced each otherfriend, until the Internet was opened. As new technologies develop, the World Wide Web will become more accessible until it replaces all other means of communication.