Coefficient of current liquidity, the method of its calculation, as well as other indicators of liquidity.

In many sectors of the economy suchconcept as liquidity. In the most general sense, it consists in how quickly different property can acquire a monetary form, while retaining its original value. Thus, the faster for some property you can get money so that you do not have to understate its value, the more liquid it is. However, if we are talking about the liquidity of an enterprise, then we put into this concept a slightly different meaning. In this case, liquidity is the ability of an organization to repay its obligations on time. Evaluation of the company from this position is carried out in different ways, but we will focus on the calculation of liquidity ratios.

The first indicator, which we will pay attention to -this is the total liquidity ratio. This value, which is also sometimes referred to as the "current liquidity ratio", characterizes the level of how fully the company's most urgent liabilities are covered by its current assets. The sense of comparison with this group of assets is that it is much more liquid in comparison with non-current assets, that is, it can be used to pay off on urgent debts. In the course of scientific and practical activities, it was established that the current liquidity ratio should be in the interval between one and two. The lower limit is a criterion of liquidity - urgent debts should be fully covered by current assets. The upper limit is a requirement for efficiency, that is, a greater value indicates that there are too many current assets and they are used inefficiently.

It is clear that all enterprises are different, and the normsare largely averaged. In this regard, often calculate the value of the coefficient, which is normal for a particular organization. The calculation procedure consists in comparing the amount of the reserve ratio and short-term liabilities with the value of these liabilities by dividing. The point is that even with the payment of all debts, the enterprise will have enough current assets to continue operations.

The following indicator characterizes theshort-term obligations will be secured against a full recovery of accounts receivable on the balance sheet of the enterprise. This coefficient is called the intermediate liquidity indicator. Its calculation is similar to the previous indicator, but the sum of stocks is excluded from the numerator. Based on the specifics of the calculation, we can conclude that the upper limit of the indicator is the current liquidity ratio. The normative value of the lower limit is also set at 1.

If the numerator continues to exclude propertyuntil there are not only absolutely liquid assets left, we will eventually be able to determine the value of the absolute liquidity indicator. Obviously, the meaning is what proportion of the most urgent debts can be repaid immediately. In Western practice, the enterprise is liquid if it can instantly return a quarter of its debts, but in Russian reality the figure is more often at the level of one-tenth.

Despite the fact that stocks are the leastliquid part of current assets, the enterprise can make a decision on their sale and the direction of the proceeds to cover urgent debts. Determine what proportion of the debt will be repaid as a result of this transaction, using the liquidity ratio that can be obtained by raising funds. Determine it by assigning the amount of inventories created by the firm to the value of short-term liabilities.

In addition to normative comparisons, the currentLiquidity and other indicators should be studied in dynamics. The fact is that compliance with the norm in the presence of a negative trend may also indicate a worsening of the financial situation.