Fodder wheat of grade 5. Feed for farm animals. Fodder grain

Feed grains are cereals,intended for feeding farm animals. Forage is the basis of rations in poultry and pig breeding, as well as a valuable component in cattle breeding. Such crops cannot be used for food purposes.

Use of forage

Feed grain - a very valuable and useful productfor animals. It is endowed with all necessary vitamins and trace elements for the full development and growth of livestock and poultry. In addition, cereals contain a lot of carbohydrates, protein and amino acids. Also, fodder has a high energy value. The price of fodder is lower, which can significantly reduce the cost of livestock products.

Common cereal crops

The following crops are the most common among feed grains:

• Cereals - wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, millet.
• Legumes - beans, peas, chinas, beans, lentils, soy.

Feed wheat

Wheat is not only the most important food, but also fodder. Almost half of the crop is spent on feed needs.

This is a grassy annual plant, tall50-150 cm. It happens winter and spring. Today there are many varieties of wheat. Conventionally, they can be divided into hard and soft types. Durum wheat on top near the spike has a thick-walled straw filled with a dense mass. In soft cultures, on the contrary, the straw is thin-walled and hollow along the entire length.

Grain Classes

Depending on the quality, according to GOST, hard and soft wheat varieties are divided into different classes of grain.

Grain of firm grades has 5 divisions, and soft - 6. All classes, except 5 and 6, are used in the food purposes.

• The highest, 1 and 2 class of wheat belongs to the strong varieties, which can be used both independently and as an amplifier of weak varieties during baking.
• Grade 3 is considered very valuable. In the food industry it is used independently and does not need improvement.
• Grade 4 wheat can be used in the food industry and breadmaking only after it has been improved by the highest grades.
• Grades 5-6 of wheat are classified as “fodder”.

Grading by quality classes in this standard is carried out by indicators of gluten, moisture, protein (except class 5), density, pest infestation, harmful, grain and weed impurities.

In determining the quality of feed grain, it is primarily taken into account the level of its condition (the content of dry matter, crude protein, metabolizable energy, crude fiber, phosphorus, calcium, etc.).

Wheat of the 5th class

Wheat class 5 - is non-food,therefore, it is intended for feeding animals and feed production. In composition, it is practically no different from food. However, if a high percentage of starch and gluten is considered an advantage for grain intended for food purposes, it is more a disadvantage for animal feed. Therefore, fodder wheat in fodder of small and cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry (ducks, chickens, geese) serves only as an additive to basic rations and is not used as a mono feed.

• For chickens, grain is prepared by grinding, sprouting or yeast and can be no more than 60% of the total feed.
• The amount of feed grain in the diet of cows is calculated depending on the weight of the animal and the milk yield, and may be close to the total nutritional value of the feed about 30%.
• For fattening pigs the optimal amount of wheat in the feed is 20-40%.

Feed Wheat Indicators

For fodder there are mandatory requirements forquality. So, wheat fodder GOST R 52554-2006 must be healthy, not infected by pests and have industrial value. The composition admits the presence of grain impurities up to 15%, weed - 3%, germinated grains no more than 2%. Humidity should not exceed 15%,

The protein content of feed wheat exceedsall other cereals, in addition, it is a high-calorie food, second only to corn. Grain contains 10-15% of proteins, a small amount (up to 2%) of fats, 2-3% sugar, up to 65% of carbohydrates, which are mainly represented by starch. There is also a complete set of essential amino acids, vitamins of groups B, E, PP, trace elements - potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium.

Advantages of feed wheat

Primarily, feed wheat is valuablea food product that contains many beneficial micro and macro elements, lysine, amino acids, phosphorus, which have a positive effect on the development and health of livestock. The soft variety is used to feed choosy animals and birds. Wheat fodder (price 7500 - 8500 rub. / T) is considered more popular than other fodder crops due to its affordable price, taste, nutritional value and useful properties. It is used as feed for almost all types of livestock and poultry.

Animals that feed on such food, are well added in weight and height, and give healthy offspring.

disadvantages

The lack of feed wheat - high contentgluten and starch, which in the stomach of animals form a sticky mass that can cause pain and cramps in the stomach. In addition, excessive consumption of wheat by fodder cattle can lead to obesity, as a result of which the risk of developing various diseases increases. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the dosage of all feed, so that your household does not harm.

Fodder corn (grain)

Corn - the queen of the fields. Its feeding value is 1.34 feed units. According to GOST 13634-90, corn is divided, depending on the percentage of damaged grains and grain impurities, into three classes. The third class of this culture is used for animal feed. The maximum permissible percentage of grain impurities for this class should not exceed 15%, and the number of germinated grains - no more than 5%. Depending on the color and type of grain, this crop is subdivided into 9 types, each of which can be used for feed purposes and feed production.

Feed barley

Barley class 3, or fodder, like corn,is the main fodder crop included in the diet of large horned animals. It is rich in amino acids and lysine. Considered the most cost-effective culture. Suitable for all farm animals. He is adored by almost everyone - cows, horses, pigs and even rabbits. Feed value reaches 1.2 feed units. The quality of fodder barley is regulated in GOST 28672-90.

Oats fodder

The quality of oats is determined according to GOST 28673-90. This culture is divided, depending on the grain impurity, into four main classes. Oats, in the composition of which from 12 to 15% of grain impurities, belong to the fourth (fodder) class. Of all the crops, the nature of oats is the lowest - 460 grams / liter.