Anatomical structure of human lungs
The structure of the human respiratory systemprovides its work in the body to ensure gas exchange. The human respiratory system consists of airways and the respiratory department formed by the alveoli. Airways are composed of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. In them, the air is heated, moistened, cleared of dust. In the respiratory department of the respiratory system, gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Consider the structure of the lungs.
Lungs are located in the chest and occupymost of it. Their surface, with the exception of the root segment, is covered with a visceral pleura. Between the sheets of the parietal and visceral pleura there is a closed pleural cavity.
Through the roots of the lungs are connected with the main bronchi, blood and lymph vessels, nerves.
Segmental structure of human lungs
The right lung forms three lobes, the left lung - two. Each share consists of segments. The latter are the structural and functional unit of the lungs. The segment in shape resembles a pyramid, the apex directed to the root of the lung, and the base to the pleura. The border between segments is the connective tissue, where intersegmental vessels are located.
In the right lung, the upper lobe consists ofapical, posterior and anterior segments, middle - from the external and internal, the lower one - from the posterior-superior medial, basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.
In the left lung, the upper lobe combinesapical, posterior, anterior, upper and lower tongue segments, lower - posterolateral, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal and posterior basal segments.
In the left lung, the medial basal segment is unstable, and the apical and posterior segment have a common bronchus.
The bronchopulmonary segment is an anatomical, physiological and clinical unit within which a pathological process develops.
Pulmonary arteries and veins form a system of smallCircle of blood circulation, which enters the structure of the circulatory system of man. A small circle begins with a pulmonary trunk, which leaves the right ventricle of the heart and carries the venous blood into the lungs. In the alveoli of the lungs, gas exchange takes place, as a result of which the blood is enriched with oxygen and passes through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium. Autonomous blood supply to the lungs and bronchi is provided by the bronchial arteries and veins that enter the system of a large circulatory system.
Lymph from the lungs flows down the lymphatic vesselsto the lung root, passing on its way through the lymph nodes. A significant number of lymph nodes are located near the main bronchi and trachea.
The innervation of the bronchopulmonary apparatus is due to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
The structure of the lungs and the functions of the respiratory system
Anatomical structure of human lungsprovides external breath. It provides for pulmonary ventilation and diffusion of gases through the air-blood barrier. The general functioning of the respiratory, circulatory and cellular respiration system forms a single functional system, whose work is aimed at maintaining the normal course of metabolic processes in the body.
In addition to the function of breathing, the lungs perform a wholea number of non-respiratory functions: metabolic, thermoregulatory, secretory, barrier, excretory. They are involved in many biochemical processes. To the respiratory functions of the lungs are also anti-inflammatory and immunological.
Care should be taken to monitor the lungs and try to lead a healthy lifestyle.
