Braille alphabet is a tactile recording system,Used in books, inscriptions, currency and other items for blind and visually impaired people. Thanks to the displays developed on the basis of Braille, the blind can use computers and other electronic means. You can record using special devices, such as a portable notebook or a braille keyboard.
The Braille alphabet is named after its creator -Frenchman Louis Braille, who became blind in childhood due to trauma. In 1824, at the age of 15, he developed this font for the French alphabet as an improvement in the military technology of night reading. The publication of this system, which subsequently included a note of note, occurred in 1829. The second edition, published in 1837, was the first binary recording system.
The alphabet for the blind is signs,having the form of rectangular blocks (cells) with convex points. The number and location of these points distinguish one letter from the other. Since Braille is a transcription of existing written systems, the order and number of characters varies depending on the language. Thanks to the software, capable of sound reproduction of the text, the use of the font has significantly decreased. The alphabet of the blind continues to play a big role in developing the reading skills of blind children, and literacy allows increasing the level of employment among people with disabilities.
The Braille font was based on military cipher, socalled "night letter" developed by Charles Barbier in connection with the need to make information exchange at night without attracting the attention of the enemy with the help of sound or light. In the Barbier system, a set of 12 convex points corresponded to one of 36 sounds. This method was rejected by the army, since it proved too complicated for the military. In 1821, Barbier visited the Royal Institute of the Royal in Paris, where he met Louis Braille. Braille noted two significant shortcomings of this cipher. First, the signs corresponded only to the sounds, and therefore could not display the spelling of the words. Secondly, the signs from 12 convex points were too large to recognize them by touch, without moving their fingers, which significantly slowed down the reading process. The Braille alphabet is a modification, where the cells of 6 points correspond to the individual letters of the alphabet.
Originally, Braille used only lettersFrench alphabet, but soon there were many abbreviations, abbreviations and even logograms that made the use of the system more convenient. Today the Braille alphabet is rather an independent writing system for the blind, rather than a spelling code for words. There are three levels of font. The first is used by those who are just beginning to read on Braille, and consists of letters and punctuation marks. The most common is the second level, where there are abbreviations that allow you to save space on the page. More rarely, you can find the third level, where whole words are shortened to a few letters or written using special symbols.
