Writer Yuri Nagibin: biography, personal life, famous works

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, whose biographypresented in this article - a famous writer and screenwriter. Years of his life - 1920-1994. He was born in Moscow on April 3, 1920. Kirill Alexandrovich, the father of the future writer, shortly before the birth of Yuri was shot - he participated in the White Guard uprising in Kursk province. Kirill Alexandrovich managed to "bequeathed" to Ksenia Alekseevna, her pregnant wife, a friend Mark Levental. He adopted Yuri, who only in his mature years learned about who his real father was. Soon, Mark Leventhal was also repressed (he was exiled). Yakov Rykachev became the second stepfather for Yuri Markovich. He was the first literary teacher of the future writer, who awakened his taste for verbal creativity.

Education, military years

Nagibin graduated with honors from the school in 1938, andthen continued his studies at the Moscow Medical Institute. He had no interest in the medical case, and he decided to go to the VGIK, to the scripted faculty. However, the institute did not manage to graduate. VGIK at the beginning of the war was evacuated to Alma-Ata, and Yuri Nagibin was drafted into the army. He was sent to the political department of the Volkhov Front in the autumn of 1941. His first stories appeared in print shortly before the war. This is the "Double Mistake" (1940) and "Knut" (1941).

In 1942, Yuri Markovich was onVoronezh Front, was "instructor-writer". In the same year he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR. Nagibin's front duties were as follows: the maintenance of radio programs, the production of propaganda leaflets, the analysis of enemy documents. He was twice shell-shocked at the front, and after recovery for health reasons he was out of commission. After that, Yuri Nagibin worked in the newspaper Trud as a military correspondent. His front-line experience was reflected in the stories published in the collection "Man from the Front" in 1943, "Two Forces" and "The Big Heart" in 1944, and "The Grain of Life" in 1948.

Friendship with Andrei Platonov

In the late 40's - early 50's Yuri Nagibinbefriended Andrei Platonov (years of life - 1899-1951). As he later recalled in his autobiography, as a result of this a whole period of his literary studies was marked by the fact that his stepfather etched Platonov out of his phrases.

Nagibin becomes famous

In the early 1950s, Nagibin was visited by the author'sfame. Readers noticed such stories as "Trubka" (1952), "Komarov" and "Winter Oak" (both written in 1953), "Chetunov" (1954), "The Night Guest" (1955). A "Light in the window" and "Khazar Ornament", published in 1956 in "Literary Moscow", aroused in the party press anger (along with "Leverage" A. Yashin). But literally a year later, stories written according to the laws of socialist realism were published in the Library of Ogonek, and the writer was "rehabilitated." Yuri Kuvaldin noted that Nagibin had to constantly balance on the verge of orthodoxy and dissidence.

Cycles of Nagibin's works

Most of the stories of Yuri Markovich,united by "through" heroes, a common theme and way of narrating, are cycles: historical-biographical, hunting, military, a series of travel stories, etc. The author has been considered for many years mainly as a novelist who aspires to tell in small about the big one.

The Military Cycle

Military stories of Nagibin are marked by a searchindividual author's manner. In the last, 11-volume collection of works the author included the best of them, among which one can note the following: "Svyazist Vasiliev" (first published in 1942 in the newspaper "Krasnaya Zvezda" under the name "Line"), "On Khortytsya", " Translator "(1945)," Vaganov "(1946). In addition, the military material was used by Yuri Markovich in the following novels: 1957 "The Way to the Forefront", 1959 "Pavlik" and 1964 "Far from the War." The unveiling of the heroism of a simple soldier and military everyday life is becoming more dramatic and psychologically profound, there is a relief and subtlety in the contours of the characters. Among the works of this theme, the story "Pavlik" is especially noteworthy. Her main character with the help of reason overcomes the fear of death.

"Hunting" cycle

"Hunting" cycle has developed over a decade - since 1954to 1964 year. It includes more than twenty stories. They owe their birth to the landscapes of the surroundings of Pleshcheeva Lake and Meshchera. The stories of Yuri Nagibin are influenced by the classical tradition in literature, which goes back to Turgenev's "Notes of the Hunter". The narrative in them is from the first person. These are such works of Yuri Nagibin as "Pogonya" and "Night Guest" (1962), "The Newlyweds" and "Meshcherskaya side" (1964). Here Nagibin is a subtle artist of the natural world and a tester of the characters of people in a natural environment. In the relationship between nature and man, both the ecological side and the social and moral aspect are considered.

Village theme, the first script for the film

These stories prepared the development of a villageTopics. The observations and materials of the post-war journalistic years, the creation of essays on collective farm life for Shmein, Socialist Agriculture, Truda, and Pravda were used in the course. As a result, in 1962 the novel "Pages of Trubnikov's Life" appeared. It was she who became the basis of the script for the film "Chairman", directed by A. Saltykov in 1964. This film was a real event. Behind the collisions of Semyon Siluyanov and Egor Trubnikov, people obsessed with their ideas, a clash of two opposing systems of views, life principles - individualistic and social, was read.

New script

Creativity Yuri Markovich was organically fit intotendencies of rural prose, gaining strength in 1950-1960. However, immediately after the release of the first picture Yuri Nagibin tried to repeat the cinematic success. Films from his scripts began to appear one after another. Yuri Markovich soon proposed a draft of a new picture "Director". The author in the application directly reported that he had entered the family of Ivan Likhachev, one of the founders of the automotive industry of our country, a former Chekist and a revolutionary sailor, a party nominee. Yuri Nagibin married his daughter. Thus, the life story of Naghin's father-in-law became the story basis, the novel with his wife, that is, with his mother-in-law, Yuri Nagibin will openly describe later.

Biography of the writer is of interest to many, especially his personal life, which should be mentioned separately.

Personal life Nagibina

Yury Markovich was married six times. One of his spouses was Bella Akhmadulina. Yuri Markovich said that with every woman he was happy in his own way. Each of them contributed something special to his life, as Yuri Nagibin admitted. Wife Alla Grigoryevna, the translator - the last wife of the writer - lived with him the longest. They were happy together for almost 25 years. Nagibin expressed his love for her in a romantic fairy tale called "The Story of the Blue Frog", about which we will talk later.

Continuing work on the scenarios

During the creation of the first version of the film"Director" died Eugene Urbansky, a famous actor. The second option, shot after a long break, is not very memorable. Nevertheless, Nagibin continued to create scenarios that were profitable at that time. Akira Kurosawa, a famous Japanese filmmaker, produced a film "Dersu Uzala" based on his scripted work by Vladimir Arsenyev, which was awarded an Oscar (though for directorial work). In the asset of Yuri Nagibin there were more than thirty paintings: "Girl and Echo", "The Indian Kingdom", "Tchaikovsky", "The slowest train", "Red Tent", "The Mystery of Kalman", etc.

"Urban" cycles

The writer Yuri Nagibin did not stopindustrial and rural themes. He also created city cycles that compiled the following books: "Clean Ponds" (1962), "The Book of Childhood" (the years of creation - 1968-1975), "The Lanes of My Childhood" (published in 1971). Here Yuri Nagibin addresses the origins of the formation of the character of Sergei Rakitin, his lyrical hero, as well as his generation as a whole.

Not only the background, but also the "hero" of the cycle becomesMoscow itself with its urban mores and way of life. A number of further publicistic articles developed the theme of the capital. They were collected in the 1987 book "Moscow ... How much in this sound." This city he considered his only attachment, although Nagibin traveled almost the whole world, except for South America. In Moscow, he lived almost all his life. Yuri Markovich was an excellent connoisseur of the history of squares, lanes and streets of the capital. It is not by chance that his last book was "The Bewildering Bell" - a work devoted to his native city. The success of Nagibin's works in the 1960s and 1970s is generally explained by the natural sincerity of intonations, lyrical confession, clarity and ease of the syllable, rich in metaphoricality, an unusual rhythmic structure with a final chord, in which the story was judged from the moral and ethical point of view.

Theme of creativity

In the 1970s, Yuri Nagibin attracted the themecreativity on the historical and cultural and modern material. This was reflected in the cycle of artistic micro-epic "Eternal Satellites" (the years of creation - 1972-1979). Their heroes were Lermontov, Pushkin, Protopop Avvakum, Tchaikovsky, Tyutchev, Annensky, Rachmaninov, and others. These works are not particularly original. According to the author himself, he did not approach, but only repelled the complete knowledge of the material from the task. A creative flight appeared when memory was freed from facts that fettered the imagination. In order to recreate the "spiritual landscape", it was necessary first of all to rely on "primovision", on feelings and "memory of sight." Hence the accusations of authorial arbitrariness and subjectivism.

Love in the work of Nagibin

Among the sustainable themes of Nagibin's work,varying in different ways at different times - a diverse and bright love, as well as the drama of lost or failed happiness. Whether Nagibin wrote a fairy tale or a realistic thing, in the relationship between a man and a woman he had a fairly stable character system: he is always defenseless and vulnerable, but she is more stable and stronger in this world. In the early 1980s, light, nostalgic motifs of prose were replaced by great acuity and topicality, tragic tension, a tendency toward social and philosophical digressions. His satire with a parody and a farce, and also a sensuality became unexpectedness. "The stories of the blue frog" represent the confession of a "frog with human memory and longing", which he had left from his former life. And his beloved in posthuman life turned into a graceful roe deer. Nagibin's new prose criticism was condemned for "the lack of moral certainty."

Latest works

"Blue frog" in the last years of life is not thatto change his skin again, but turned himself inside out. The author with a demonstrative self-expression, not devoid of clownish narcissism, showed the most secret pages of his own biography. He decided to recreate the story of his father's life and his attitude towards this man ("Get up and go," 1987), remembered his first love in the 1994 work "Daphnis and Chloe ...". In the same year, he described his novel with his mother-in-law in the book "My Gold Mother-in-law", and also left a story-testamentary title "Darkness at the End of the Tunnel", extremely pessimistic. The "Diary" of 1995, published posthumously, is full of extreme frankness and impartial assessments of the writer's surroundings.

Death of Nagibin

June 17, 1994 in Moscow, died Nagibin YuriMarkovic. Today his biography is interesting to many people. Popular among our contemporaries continue to use it is his last works. Critics from time to time break their spears, discussing the books of Yuri Nagibin. In "nagibanoborchestve" were seen, for example, Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Viktor Toporov.